What is Theodolite? Theodolite is a surveying instrument that is used to measure horizontal and vertical angles. In this instrument relative position of points can be determined by measuring horizontal…
What is Total Station? The total station is Surveying equipment which consists of an Electronic distance meter (EDM) and Electronic transit theodolite. It is integrated with three main components microprocessor, electronic…
Contouring in surveying is the determination of the elevation of different points on the ground surface and fixing these points of same-level situations in the contour map. Contour map Methods…
Surveying is the process of determining the relative positions of different objects on the earth's surface by measuring horizontal distances between them and creating a map to any suitable scale.…
The Basic Principles of surveying upon which the various methods of plane surveying are based can be stated under the two aspects as given below. Location of a point by…
Surveying, even though it is of diverse nature, there are some important tips that are common to all branches of surveying. These tips have proved over the years to be…
The work of the land surveyor can be categorized into three main areas of responsibility. Firstly, he is concerned with the recording of measurements that permit the size and shape…
Global Information System (GIS): Global Information System or GIS is a computer-based info system that carries out the activities of capturing, storing, manipulating, analyzing, and displaying both spatial and non-spatial data…
The chain surveying performed by tape is expected to have some errors because of incorrect tape measurements. In an ordinary chaining survey, the errors are neglected. But for crucial and precise…
Azimuths and bearings are horizontal angles measured to indicate or locate a line with respect to a meridian. Here, the important features of azimuth and bearing in surveying along with their…